Toothpaste

It is used to brush our teeth. It contain plaque and calculus, reducing agents, anti-bacterial substances, fluoride, breath fresheners, desensitising agents and abrasives whitening ingredients. The main things that contain in toothpaste are fluoride.

Fluoride, F- is an anion that reduced by fluorine. Fluoride is help to make to be stronger and harder. It also helps to prevent the teeth to decay. Besides that, it also used to restrict the growth of dental plaque. Both of the organic and inorganic substance also contains the fluorine. The fluorine that usually used in toothpaste is Sodium fluoride (NaF) or sodium monofluorophosphate (Na2PO3F).

Sodium fluoride (NaF) is made up by one mole of sodium, Na+ and one mole of fluoride, F-.
HF + NaOH → NaF + H2O

Sodium monofluorophosphate (Na2PO3F) is an inorganic, colourless, odourless, and water-soluble. It is help to protect tooth enamel from attack by bacteria that cause dental caries (cavities).

Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate is also called sodium pyrophosphate, tetrasodium phosphate or TSPP. It is a slightly toxic and mildly colourless compound. It formula is Na4P2O7. It is acts as a tartar to control agent and to remove calcium and magnesium from saliva. Besides that, it also helps to prevent our teeth to decay.

Sodium Bicarbonate is a chemical compound, its formula is NaHCO3. It is an alkaline white solid. Its function in toothpastes helps us to keep our teeth to brighten. It also helps to neutralizes the acidic saliva and maintain the alkaline environment after you brush your teeth.

Hydrogen peroxide is a strong oxidizing chemical liquid. In toothpaste, it is used as polishing, cleaning and removes stains on the surface of teeth.

Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), sodium laurilsulfate or sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS or NaDS) (C12H25SO4Na) is an anionic substance. For some people the greater amount of SLS will causes the mouth ulcers, this is due to the SLS can dry out our protective layer of oral tissues.