Manufacturing Process of Nail Polish

Early methods of making nail polish used a variety of methods that today look charming amateurish. One common technique was to mix clean scraps of movie film and other cellulose with alcohol and castor oil and leave the mixture to soak overnight in a container. The mixture is then stained and colored and perfumed. Though recognizable as nail polish, the product was far from what we have available today.


The modern manufacturing process is very sophisticated operation utilizing highly skilled workers, advanced machinery, and even robotics. Today's consumers expect nail polish to apply smoothly, evenly and easily; to set relatively quickly; and to be resistant to chipping and peeling. In addition, the polish should be innocuous..

Extreme attention to quality control is essential throughout the manufacturing process. Not only does quality control increase safety in the process, but it is the only way the manufacturer can be assured of the consumer confidence and loyalty. A single quality of polish can lose a consumer forever. Regardless of quality control, no single polish is perfect; the polish always represent a chemical compromise between what is desired and what the manufacturer is able to produce.The nail polished is tested throughout the manufacturing process for several important factors=drying time, smoothness of flow, gloss, hardness, abrasion resistance, etc. Subjective testing, where the mixture or final product is examined or applied is ongoing. Objective, lab testing of samples, though more time consuming, is also necessary to ensure a usable product. Laboratory tests are both complicated and unforgiving, but no manufacturer would do it without them.

Shampoo

After finish working and back to sweet home, the most important thing to do is to have a shower. For girls, the most important thing is the skin care, and the next thing is the hair. Not even girls, boys also like this. But, if we use the wrong shampoo, it will make our hair not healthy and some more and make the hair falling out.

Shampoo usually contain Sodium Lauryl Sulfate, Sodium Laureth Sulfate, Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate, Ammonium Laureth Sulfate, Ammonium Xylene Sulfonate, TEA Lauryl Sulfate, Sulfur, Selenium Sulfide, Magnesium Sulfate, Sodium Thiosulfate, Sodium C14-16 Olefin, Sulfonate, Alkyl Sodium Sulfate, Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate, TEA-Dodecylbenzene, Sodium C12-15 Alkyl Sulfate, and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfonate.

Sodium Laureth Sulfate (SLES) and Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) is the most common shampoo ingredient. SLES is a washing surfactant which also known as washing detergent. It is a powerful foaming agent. It can make the hair return the shine by removing the top layer of dust. SLS is more potent that SLES.

The chemical structure of SLES

The chemical structure of SLS

The effect of SLES and SLS is they will produce eye or skin irritation.

Toothpaste

It is used to brush our teeth. It contain plaque and calculus, reducing agents, anti-bacterial substances, fluoride, breath fresheners, desensitising agents and abrasives whitening ingredients. The main things that contain in toothpaste are fluoride.

Fluoride, F- is an anion that reduced by fluorine. Fluoride is help to make to be stronger and harder. It also helps to prevent the teeth to decay. Besides that, it also used to restrict the growth of dental plaque. Both of the organic and inorganic substance also contains the fluorine. The fluorine that usually used in toothpaste is Sodium fluoride (NaF) or sodium monofluorophosphate (Na2PO3F).

Sodium fluoride (NaF) is made up by one mole of sodium, Na+ and one mole of fluoride, F-.
HF + NaOH → NaF + H2O

Sodium monofluorophosphate (Na2PO3F) is an inorganic, colourless, odourless, and water-soluble. It is help to protect tooth enamel from attack by bacteria that cause dental caries (cavities).

Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate is also called sodium pyrophosphate, tetrasodium phosphate or TSPP. It is a slightly toxic and mildly colourless compound. It formula is Na4P2O7. It is acts as a tartar to control agent and to remove calcium and magnesium from saliva. Besides that, it also helps to prevent our teeth to decay.

Sodium Bicarbonate is a chemical compound, its formula is NaHCO3. It is an alkaline white solid. Its function in toothpastes helps us to keep our teeth to brighten. It also helps to neutralizes the acidic saliva and maintain the alkaline environment after you brush your teeth.

Hydrogen peroxide is a strong oxidizing chemical liquid. In toothpaste, it is used as polishing, cleaning and removes stains on the surface of teeth.

Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), sodium laurilsulfate or sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS or NaDS) (C12H25SO4Na) is an anionic substance. For some people the greater amount of SLS will causes the mouth ulcers, this is due to the SLS can dry out our protective layer of oral tissues.

"What is inside dark chocolate which lowers cholesterol in the heart and reduce the blood pressure?"

Chocolate is one kind of product which derived from cocoa mixed with fat like cocoa butter or plant oil and sugar to produce a solid confection. Many people like to eat chocolate especially girls. Chocolate lovers that consume chocolate may exert some healthy benefits to themselves and including the heart.

There are over 300 types of chemical in the chocolate that we always ate. One of the lesser known chemical is flavonoids which also can be found in the red wine. Dark chocolate contain a very high amount of flavonoids compare to the others chocolate. It has less amount of milk and makes it tastes bitter.

Flavonoids are a class that referred to flavonols. The IUPAC name of flavonoids is 2-phenyl-3, 4-dihydro-2H-chromen-3-ol. The molecular formula is C15H14O2. The chemical structure of flavonoids is

Flavonoids are belongs to ketone group. It is also well known for their antioxidant. Flavonoids are to increase the formation of endothelial nitric oxide, and promote vasodilation which may lower down the blood pressure. Flavonoids can help in prevent cancers, reduce the blood pressure, and cardiovascular disease. It can also lower down the cholestoral in our body and help to prevent us from cardiovascular disease.

Hot sensation! Chili family males me cry and burning inside?

Chili is a type of fruit, also known as capsicum which can usually found in spicy food. Besides, many people like to eat chili when having their meal. Chili can also be use in decoration and as a superstition for Indian.

Chili will make us feel peppery hot but why? This is because inside the chili there are many of seed which is capsicum. Chili and capsicum contain capsaicin which have a chemical formula of (CH3)2CHCH=CH(CH2)4CONHCH2C6H3-4-(OH)-3-(OCH3) and a molecular formula of C18H27NO3. The IUPAC name of capsaicin is 8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide. The chemical structure of capsaicin is Capsaicin is belongs to alkaloid family. It is soluble in ethanol and vegetable oil but only slightly soluble in water. When we ingest the chili, the capsaicin will react with other chemical and bind with pain receptor. When the capsaicinoid is detected, the receptor will send a message to the brain of the person. It will produce a burning sensation in the mouth and tissue when it contact. Then it will increase the heart beat and release endorphin which is to pertaining to the metabolism of nitrogenous elements of the sell and tissues. It may cause stomach to be unusual and pain if the chili does not digest properly.


Chili is usually in red and green colour. This colour will attract the birds to consumption and spread the seed at any place. Bird do not have the receptor for capsaicin to binds, so it does not function as an irritant for them. The purpose secretion of capsaicin is to protect itself from being eaten by the animal.

Capsaicin is use as a personal defence like pepper spray, crop defence, and food defence. It also uses in medication which help to relieve the pain of peripheral neuropathy.

Chili use for decoration